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1.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 44(3): 397-404, Dic 27, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217312

RESUMO

Fundamento: Las tasas de contagio ocupacional porSARS-CoV-2 entre profesionales sanitarios en España sonelevadas respecto a otros países. El objetivo del estudio fuedescribir y analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a estatransmisión. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con muestreo noprobabilístico en bola de nieve de profesionales sanitarios(medicina, enfermería, fisioterapia, cuidados auxiliares) dediferentes niveles asistenciales (atención primaria, hospitalaria, sociosanitaria u otra), en contacto o no con pacientescon COVID-19 en junio de 2020 en España. Se elaboró unaencuesta electrónica de 81 preguntas estructurada en cuatro bloques: variables sociodemográficas, conocimientossobre COVID-19, disponibilidad y uso de equipos de protección individual (EPI), y medidas de protección del entornoy formación recibida. Resultados: Respondieron 855 sanitarios, 81,5% mujeres,edad media 44años (28-68). El 93,4% conocía los principalessíntomas pero el 40,4% no identificó la vía transmisión por gotas y contacto. El 67,5% atendieron a pacientes con COVID-19sin EPI adecuado y el 29,1% usó el mismo EPI de manera continuada más de 4 horas. El 25,6% no había recibido formaciónsobre colocación y retirada del EPI y el 61,2% no pudo practicar previamente el proceso. El 19,4% sufrió infección porcoronavirus, más frecuente en profesionales que no habíanrecibido formación específica (25,8 vs 17,2%, p = 0,009). Conclusión: Como estrategias de prevención de contagiose deben implementar la formación, redactar protocolos yprogramas de cribado, supervisar las situaciones de mayorriesgo, asegurar la disponibilidad de material, y aumentarel compromiso de las instituciones sanitarias para apoyaral personal sanitario.(AU)


Background: Occupational infection rates for SARS-CoV-2among health professionals in Spain are high in comparison to other countries. The objective of the study was todescribe and analyze the risk factors associated with thistransmission. Methods: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilisticsnowball sampling of health professionals (medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, auxiliary care) of different levels ofcare (primary care, hospital, nursing homes, etc.), whowere in contact or not with patients with COVID-19, inJune 2020 in Spain. We prepared an electronic survey of81 questions structured in four blocks: sociodemographicvariables, knowledge about COVID-19, availability and useof personal protective equipment (PPE), and environmentalprotection measures and training received. Results: 855 health workers responded, 81.5% women and themean age was 44 years (28-68). 93.4% knew the main symptoms but 40.4% did not identify the route of transmission viadroplets and contact. 67.5% of them cared for COVID-19 patients without adequate PPE and 29.1% wore the same PPEcontinuously for more than 4 hours. 25.6% of workers had notreceived any type of training in donning and removing thePPE and 61.2% of them were unable to previously practicethe process. The frequency of coronavirus infection amonghealth professionals was 19.4%, which is higher in thoseprofessionals who had not received specific training (25.8 vs17.2%, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Training, drafting protocols and screening programs, supervising the situations of greatest risk, ensuringthe availability of material and increasing the commitmentof health institutions to support health personnel should beimplemented as contagion prevention strategies.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Pessoal de Saúde , Fatores de Risco , Riscos Ocupacionais , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Exposição Ocupacional , Espanha , Estudos Transversais
2.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 44(3): 397-404, 2021 Dec 27.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34664553

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Occupational infection rates for SARS-CoV-2 among health professionals in Spain are high in comparison to other countries. The objective of the study was to describe and analyze the risk factors associated with this transmission. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic snowball sampling of health professionals (medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, auxiliary care) of different levels of care (primary care, hospital, nursing homes, etc.), who were in contact or not with patients with COVID-19, in June 2020 in Spain. We prepared an electronic survey of 81 questions structured in four blocks: sociodemographic variables, knowledge about COVID-19, availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and environmental protection measures and training received. RESULTS: 855 health workers responded, 81.5% women and the mean age was 44 years (28-68). 93.4% knew the main symptoms but 40.4% did not identify the route of transmission via droplets and contact. 67.5% of them cared for COVID-19 patients without adequate PPE and 29.1% wore the same PPE continuously for more than 4 hours. 25.6% of workers had not received any type of training in donning and removing the PPE and 61.2% of them were unable to previously practice the process. The frequency of coronavirus infection among health professionals was 19.4%, which is higher in those professionals who had not received specific training (25.8 vs 17.2%, p=0.009). CONCLUSION: Training, drafting protocols and screening programs, supervising the situations of greatest risk, ensuring the availability of material and increasing the commitment of health institutions to support health personnel should be implemented as contagion prevention strategies.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. patol. respir ; 24(2): 61-70, abr.- jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228295

RESUMO

La e-salud, apoyada en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, nos da las herramientas necesarias para innovar en la asistencia a nuestros pacientes y ha permitido evolucionar el concepto de la relación profesional sanitario-paciente. Sus aplicaciones son prácticamente ilimitadas y los estudios avalan su eficacia, si bien, existen una serie de cuestiones que limitan su implementación real (dificultad para la comparación metodológica, factores asociados al profesional o al paciente, aspectos éticos y legales, etc.). Una de las aplicaciones más interesantes desde el punto de vista clínico es la tele-consulta, especialmente en la actual situación de pandemia por la COVID-19. En este trabajo revisamos las posibilidades de implementación de un programa de tele-consultas en pacientes con EPOC, la selección de candidatos, las posibles herramientas tecnológicas y las limitaciones de este tipo de programas (AU)


E-health using new technologies is a new way to attend our patients and creates a new scenario in the relation between patients and their health carers. Their applications are uncontable and many articles support their efficacy, although some questions still make difficult its implementation. One of the most interesting applications for clinicians is teleconsultation, specially nowadays with COVID pandemic. We review the possible implementation of a tele-consultation program for COPD patients, the right selection of patients, technological tools and its limitations (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Estratégias de eSaúde , Poder Psicológico , Telemedicina
4.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(supl.3): S268-S271, dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197103

RESUMO

Las vías de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 aún no están claras, siendo seguro su contagio por contacto y gotas. Los equipos de protección individual (EPI) deben ser utilizados de forma completa y correcta para disminuir el contagio entre los profesionales sanitarios, sin olvidar las medidas básicas de protección, prevención, aislamiento de los casos confirmados y cuarentena de sus contactos estrechos hasta determinar su diagnóstico. No hay que minimizar esfuerzos en realizar compañas publicitarias en educación sanitaria a fin de favorecer el correcto uso y adherencia de la sociedad a las medidas de prevención, destinando recursos humanos y materiales proporcionados para favorecer el control de la transmisión y romper las rutas de contagio conocidas


The routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are not yet clear, being contagious by contact and drops. Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used completely and properly to reduce contagion among healthcare professionals, without forgetting the basic measures of protection, prevention, isolation of confirmed cases and quarantine of their close contacts until their diagnosis is determined. Efforts should not be minimized in carrying out publicity campaigns in health education in order to favor the correct use and adherence of society to prevention measures, allocating human and material resources provided to favor the control of transmission and break known routes of contagion


Assuntos
Humanos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde , Máscaras/normas , China , Estados Unidos , Europa (Continente)
6.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(3): 98-108, jul.-sept. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188996

RESUMO

En los últimos años, hemos asistido a un importante avance en el manejo de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), lo que ha llevado a un incremento de su supervivencia. Este hecho ha supuesto que tengamos que abordar nuevos retos a los que debemos dar respuesta, incluyendo la atención de estos enfermos al final de su vida. El problema está en la dificultad de detectar al grupo de individuos con EPOC subsidiarios de recibir un abordaje paliativo. Una de las aproximaciones clásicas para valorar la necesidad de esta aproximación es considerar que si el paciente falleciese en los próximos 12 meses no sería una sorpresa. Sin embargo, muchos autores consideran que el uso exclusivo de este criterio no es útil en los individuos con EPOC. En este sentido, se ha descrito que los cambios en ciertos parámetros a los largo del tiempo podrían ayudar a predecir mejor la mortalidad en ese periodo de tiempo. En cualquier caso, una correcta coordinación entre la consulta de EPOC, la planta de hospitalización de Neumología y la unidad de cuidados paliativos podría facilitar la toma de decisiones. En este artículo se abordan aspectos relacionados con la atención y los aspectos terapéuticos de la EPOC al final de la vida, incluyendo los criterios que ayudan a identificar a estos enfermos, los síntomas asociados a la EPOC avanzada y el abordaje de los mismos y cómo realizar el manejo terapéutico en los últimos días de vida del paciente con esta enfermedad


In recent years, we have witnessed an important advance in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has led to an increase in their survival. This has meant that we have to address new challenges to which we must respond, including the care of these patients at the end of their lives. The problem lies in the difficulty of detecting the group of individuals with COPD that are subsidiary to receiving a palliative approach. One of the classic approaches to assess the need for this approach is to consider that if the patient died in the next 12 months it would not be a surprise. However, many authors consider that the exclusive use of this criterion is not useful in individuals with COPD. In this sense, it has been described that changes in certain parameters over time could help to better predict mortality in that period of time. In any case, a correct coordination between the COPD consultation, the Pneumology hospitalization unit and the palliative care unit could facilitate decision making. This article addresses aspects related to the care and therapeutic aspects of COPD at the end of life, including the criteria that help identify these patients, the symptoms associated with advanced COPD and the approach to them and how to perform therapeutic management in the last days of life of the patient with this disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/métodos , Dispneia/terapia , Fadiga/terapia , Ansiedade/terapia , Depressão/terapia
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